2006/06/22

Lesson 11

黑白或彩色

本課程需要選定一個攝影對象,分別以彩色和黑白的方式來呈現。彩色的照片要注意色彩的平衡和不同顏色的變化。黑白照片則要善用暗處和亮處的變化,創造最大的層次感,以增加照片的吸引力。

這次課程以海山漁港為拍攝場景,拍攝時間為下午五點半。

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 27mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/125 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

將彩色轉為黑白之後,與彩色照片的感覺完全不一樣

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/400 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

海水退潮後,在沙灘上留下一道一道規律的波浪紋,加上螃蟹撥弄四處的小土粒,是表現層次感的好主題

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/80 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/80 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

以黑白來呈現更能突顯層次感

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/80 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Direct sunlight
AF Mode: AF-S

有趣的對比

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 34mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/40 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 10-------------------------------------Lesson 12 >>

2006/06/15

Lesson 10

照片的要素 -- 調子

調子除了表示黑白照片中純白與純黑之間灰階的變化之外,也代表色彩的顏色、陰影和濃淡等等。調子是攝影者和觀賞者之間的橋樑,就如同質感告訴人們,某個物體用手觸摸的感覺一樣。因此選擇適當的調子能夠傳達你要表現的形體、氣氛和情調。

暗色調(低調)的影像給人一種受到封閉、憂鬱、恐懼甚至挫折或超寫實的氣氛。相反的,亮色調(高調)的影像則讓人有寬敞、開放、活潑或放鬆的感覺。

調子的營造未必需要正確的曝光,曝光過度可使一個高調的畫面更加明亮。曝光不足則會使陰影更深。


高調的相片:

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 46mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/640 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: AF-S

距離小孩約10公尺,打閃光燈,最大輸出功率

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 78mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/640 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual


低調的相片:

對準太陽測光,雲層明顯曝光不足,大白天的太陽頓時變成了晚上的月亮

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/2500 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Auto
AF Mode: AF-S

對著天空測光,百年大樹變成了遮天的魔爪

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/500 sec - F/3.5
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 640
Optimize Image: Landscape
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 9---------------------------------------Lesson 11 >>

2006/06/06

Lesson 9

擴散的色彩

色彩的擴散效果與光線特質有很大的關聯。基本上,擴散的色彩色調不足,飽和度也不夠。下雨,有霧或有濃煙的時候,空氣中的微小粒子將光線擴散在大氣中,色彩彼此混合在一起,便會產生色彩飽和度不足的現象。影響色彩的鮮明與擴散有下列幾個原因:

一,物體表面的特性,如一個黯淡而結構粗糙的表面會使光線擴散,減弱色彩的力量。相反的,一個表面光滑會反射光線的物體,則無損物體本身的色彩表現。

二,焦點的設定,在鏡頭焦距外的物體,其色彩逐漸向外擴散並且互相融合。在這裡可以做實驗,以一張被攝主體與背景都清楚的照片,和一張背景模糊的照片,來做比較。


開最大光圈4.5,只有前排的恐龍清楚

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/5 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Incandescent
AF Mode: Manual

將光圈縮到18之後,連最後排的恐龍也清楚了

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
3 sec - F/18
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Incandescent
AF Mode: Manual

竹筏和插在上面的旗子,色彩黯淡,透露出即將沒落的訊息

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/640 sec - F/4
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S

以枯木當前景,其灰暗的色彩,道出了世代交替的無奈

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/1000 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S

除了前面的野花清楚之外,其背景都模糊,色彩明顯的擴散開來

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 240mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/640 sec - F/5.6
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual

<< Lesson 8---------------------------------------Lesson 10 >>

2006/06/05

Lesson 8

色彩的適度運用

並不是所有鮮明的景物都是美麗的,有時候在某些情況下,適度,沈靜以及和諧的色彩搭配比令人眼花撩亂的組合更能營造畫面的氣氛與情調。

本課程除了利用適當的氣候,拍攝沈靜色彩的主題外,也需要拍攝光影強烈作用下的主題,以便做比較。

這一張大約在傍晚接近六點鐘的時候拍的,這時太陽光線斜射,人物色彩飽和度夠,然而後方的景物因為色彩擴散則顯得相當柔和

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/160 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

太陽快接近地平面時,被遠方厚厚的雲層遮住,光線擴散的結果之下,人物的衣服上的色彩飽和度立刻下降,與上一張相片形成對比,後方天空的色彩則沒有太大改變

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/320 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 50mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/250 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S

天空開始變暗,將閃光燈打開,雖然人物明亮許多,但是慘白的光線,反而使色彩飽和度下降,缺乏立體感

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/80 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S

在昏暗的路燈下,以低快門1/6秒的速度拍下這張照片,呈現出溫暖柔和的氣氛

Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/6 sec - F/4
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Normal
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 7----------------------------------------Lesson 9 >>