Lesson 41

畫面中的太陽

本課程是以天空與太陽為主題，照片中同時涵蓋了一些原本熟悉的景物，不過這些景物隨著太陽的出現而有了新的面貌。

將太陽納入鏡頭時，明暗對比過度強烈是面對的最主要問題，對於暗部，妳可以使用補光器材來補足光源; 對於亮部，則可使用減光鏡片。

提示：如果想要讓照片中的太陽出現星狀光芒，則必須選擇最小光圈（f22 或更小）。另外鏡頭瞄準太陽時，必須小心太陽光直射眼睛所造成的傷害，尤其是在使用望遠鏡頭的時候。


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/160 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Auto
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 50mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/125 sec - F/29
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 24mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/400 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual
Flash Sync Mode: Front Curtain
Auto Flash Mode: Manual x 1/1
Auto Flash Comp: 0 EV


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/80 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual
Flash Sync Mode: Front Curtain
Auto Flash Mode: Manual x 1/1
Auto Flash Comp: 0 EV


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/50 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 40mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/160 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/160 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Landscape
White Balance: Direct sunlight
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 40mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/125 sec - F/16
Exposure Comp.: +0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Landscape
White Balance: Direct sunlight
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 40-------------------------------------Lesson 42 >>

Lesson 40

多變的光線

自然的光線總是不停的變化，令人難以捉摸。它可以在晴空下照耀大地，賦予地面上的景物豐富的細部，也可以在瞬間轉變成從重重烏雲間投下一道光，擴散在某些物體上，讓一個原本熟悉的地區籠罩在一片陰影中。

執行本課程，最佳的時機是天氣預報會下雨的日子，那樣妳才能觀察光線戲劇性的快速變化。如果一切按照預定選好拍攝的時間與地點，那麼就可以在很短的時間拍出一系列的照片，而且每一張照片都有不同的情調。

厚厚的雲層在對面山頭上

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 22mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/200 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual

雲層越來越厚

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 22mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/200 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual

陽光不見了，景物一片陰霾

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 24mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/100 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual

忽然右邊又露出一片天空

Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/125 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 39-------------------------------------Lesson 41 >>

Lesson 39

黑白風景攝影

拍攝風景時，黑白與彩色的處理方式有很大的不同。彩色攝影有各種不同的明暗度與色調，有助於輪廓和形體，質感和圖案的界定。黑白攝影則必須熟悉如何將彩色轉成灰色調。

彩色攝影可以重現真實，容易被一般觀眾接受。舉例來說，森林裡有各種不同的綠色，彩色可以將它們明顯的呈現出來。黑白攝影則缺乏此種區分的能力。不過，取而代之的是更強的圖形內涵及變化多端的氣氛。

進行本課程時，需要尋找強烈的線條，顯著的明暗對比和充滿戲劇變化的天空等等可能的拍攝場景來拍攝。


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 70mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/60 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Auto
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/100 sec - F/16
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/100 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/100 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: Manual

<< Lesson 38-------------------------------------Lesson 40 >>

Lesson 38

單色風景攝影

『單色攝影』一詞常常被誤解為黑白照片，其實它是描述某個場景含有一個主要的色彩或是單一色調深淺的變化。比如說樹木上面不同深淺的綠色，或是一大遍海洋或天空的藍色。

除了景物的顏色外，光線與氣候條件的結合也可以產生單色的效果，比如說向在大霧中或下雪的時候，大氣就像濾鏡一樣使所有的景物看起來像同一個色調，還有在日出或日落時也會讓大地染上一片紅色。


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 195mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
5 sec - F/25
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 78mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/10 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Shade
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 95mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
10 sec - F/22
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Flash
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 195mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/800 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Auto
AF Mode: Manual


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 55mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/125 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.7 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Vivid
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 70-300mm F/4-5.6 D
Focal Length: 270mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Center-Weighted
1/100 sec - F/5.6
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Optimize Image: Landscape
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S

<< Lesson 37-------------------------------------Lesson 39 >>

練習拍荷花

嚴老師約大家到北埔練習拍荷花，機會難得，所以就報名跟著去了。這次拍荷花學了許多經驗與知識，獲益良多，以下是我的一些心得。

1. 荷花一定長在水裡，所以一定有蚊子。去拍荷花，一定著長袖長褲，皮膚透空的地方要擦防蚊液，免得成為『捕蚊燈』。
2. 拍荷花最佳的時機在清晨，有自然的露水，日出陽光斜射，逆光拍攝花瓣最為生動漂亮。
3. 拍荷花要有綠葉陪襯，但注意葉子的部分不要太多太雜，反而搶了主角的風采。
4. 測光之後，大部分情況下還需要減曝光量。大約要減一到兩格的曝光量。
5. 除了盛開的荷花之外，凋謝的荷花或蓮藕也是拍攝的主題，停在花上面的昆蟲更有畫龍點睛的效果。
6. 拍荷花最好戴寬邊的帽子（牛仔帽最好），除了防曬之外，還可以遮光，方便眼睛對焦，不然拍到最後，眼睛會脫窗。
7. 拍荷花大多需要準備長鏡頭，最好 300mm 以上才比較實用。
8. 拍荷花一定要帶腳架，以得到最佳的拍攝效果。
9. 拍荷花有時候低角度是最好的拍攝角度，所以盡量壓低身體，找尋最佳構圖，可以貼地的腳架是最好的選擇。
10. 最佳的拍荷地點是無風的，桃園觀音一帶的荷花園雖多，但是那地區的風也不小，要拍到好的作品得多花點時間與運氣。
----------------------------------------------------

這是我第一次拍荷花，所以拍得不好，只能靠裁切與後製來彌補。幾乎所有的相片，我都將 Brightness 再往下調，色彩飽和度才夠，順便將背景亮度調暗，以凸顯主題。


一隻蜜蜂剛好飛來


構圖有點單調，不活潑


光線落在花上不夠多，以致於主題沒有突顯出來


照片有點太雜亂，背景不夠糊


前景的葉子太亮






背景太雜，有一片花瓣被葉子檔到。


後記：希望下次再拍類似的主題時，能夠拍得好一點。

Lesson 37

捕捉一個地方的感覺

本課程需要找一個戶外場所作為攝影的主題，如一座古蹟與他周遭的建築物，或者一棟雄偉的建築物與他的環境。拍攝的畫面必須包含人工與自然的景物，以便讓人們對那個地方留下完整的印象。

氣候只是影響畫面呈現的一個因素，所以不要因為天氣不好就收起相機，應該試著用另一個角度來拍攝景物。

本課程的主旨是『完整性』，除了概括性的畫面之外，必須拍出該地點的特色，表現出這個地方的感覺或氣氛。


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/320 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Preset
AF Mode: AF-S
Flash Sync Mode: Front Curtain
Auto Flash Mode: Balanced i-TTL
Auto Flash Comp: +1.0 EV


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/100 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/50 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/25 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Spot
1/20 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Preset
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/200 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 25mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Spot
1/100 sec - F/5
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/250 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 35mm
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/30 sec - F/4.5
Exposure Comp.: +0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/160 sec - F/11
Exposure Comp.: 0 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S


Lens: 18-70mm F/3.5-4.5 G
Focal Length: 18mm
Exposure Mode: Manual
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
1/125 sec - F/8
Exposure Comp.: -0.3 EV
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Optimize Image: Sharp
White Balance: Cloudy
AF Mode: AF-S
Flash Sync Mode: Front Curtain
Auto Flash Mode: Balanced i-TTL
Auto Flash Comp: 0 EV

<< Lesson 36-------------------------------------Lesson 38 >>